Qhov twg zoo dua, pob zeb diamond lossis titanium?
Hauv thaj chaw loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, pob zeb diamond thiab titanium, raws li ob qho khoom sawv cev heev, yeej ib txwm nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Tus qub yog lub npe hu ua "qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim," thaum yav tas los ci hauv thaj chaw aerospace nrog nws lub npe ntawm "qhov chaw hlau." Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab, lawv nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv hauv cov qauv atomic, lub cev lub cev, thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios. Qhov sib txawv no txiav txim siab lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Los ntawm kev pom atomic, pob zeb diamond thiab titanium yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj. Pob zeb diamond yog ib qho allotrope ntawm carbon, nrog txhua cov pa roj carbon atom tsim covalent bonds nrog plaub cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob ib sab los ntawm sp³ hybrid orbitals, tsim ib tug peb - qhov ntev network siv lead ua qauv. Cov qauv no tso cai rau cov pob zeb diamond nrog lub zog siab heev, muab nws qhov chaw melting ntawm 3550℃thiab hardness ntawm 10 ntawm Mohs nplai, ua rau nws nyuaj tshaj plaws paub cov khoom ntuj. Titanium, raws li kev hloov pauv hlau (tus naj npawb 22), muaj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm 3d²4s², nrog nws cov ntawv cog lus hlau ua los ntawm titanium ions thiab dawb electrons. Nws melting point yog 1668 degree, thiab nws hardness tsuas yog HV280-340. Txawm hais tias titanium lub zog tuaj yeem nce ntxiv kom sib piv rau cov hlau muaj zog los ntawm kev sib tsoo, nws qhov hardness tseem qis dua pob zeb diamond, thiab txawm tias tsawg dua li cov ntaub ntawv ceramic xws li silicon carbide thiab boron carbide.
Cov kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev lub cev ncaj qha txiav txim siab txog daim ntawv thov ciam teb ntawm ob. Pob zeb diamond qhov nyuaj heev ua rau nws yog "tus huab tais" ntawm precision machining: nyob rau hauv aerospace, nanodiamond coatings tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm turbine hniav, txuas lub neej laum los ntawm 10 zaug; Hauv kev lag luam semiconductor, pob zeb diamond substrates, nrog lawv cov thermal conductivity ntawm 2200 W / (m·K), yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov cua kub dissipation hauv siab - cov khoom siv fais fab; hauv kev kho mob, pob zeb diamond- cov cuab yeej coated tuaj yeem ua tiav ultra- txiav txiav, txo cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Titanium qhov tshwj xeeb zoo yog nyob rau hauv nws "lub teeb yuag thiab siab- lub zog": nws qhov ceev tsuas yog 56% ntawm cov hlau, tab sis nws muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb dua. Ua ke nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, qhov no ua rau nws nyiam cov khoom siv rau aircraft cav compressor disks thiab sib sib zog nqus- hiav txwv sojntsuam plhaub. Piv txwv li, titanium alloys muaj tsawg dua 10 micrometers ntawm corrosion ib xyoos twg hauv dej hiav txwv, deb tshaj li 316L stainless hlau, tau txais nws lub npe ntawm "marine hlau."
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj, ob qho tib si muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm "hnyav thiab dynamic" zog. Pob zeb diamond reacts yuav luag tag nrho nrog acids thiab alkalis nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis nws undergoes oxidation tshua nrog oxygen thiab molten ntsev saum 800 degree. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau siab - kub tiv thaiv txheej. Titanium, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua tiav kev tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm "tus kheej- kho oxide zaj duab xis": nyob rau hauv cov pa oxygen- muaj ib puag ncig, ib qho tuab TiO₂ zaj duab xis sai sai rau ntawm titanium nto, thiab txawm tias zaj duab xis puas lawm, nws tuaj yeem rov tsim dua tam sim. Qhov kev tiv thaiv dynamic no tso cai rau titanium tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm feem ntau cov kua qaub, alkalis, thiab ntsev, tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag nrog hydrofluoric acid thiab muaj zog txo cov xov xwm.
Saib mus rau yav tom ntej, txoj kev thev naus laus zis hloov pauv ntawm ob qho tib si tseem ceeb heev. Lub pob zeb diamond teb tau tawg los ntawm lub fwj ntawm "loj- loj ib zaug- siv lead ua npaj." Los ntawm microwave-pab tshuaj vapor deposition (MPCVD) thev naus laus zis, ib qho - Crystal pob zeb diamond nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4 ntiv tes tam sim no tuaj yeem loj hlob, ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, quantum zog ntawm pob zeb diamond (xws li nitrogen vacancy defects) muab nws lub peev xwm loj heev hauv quantum xam thiab biosensing. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm titanium tsom rau "kev ua haujlwm saum npoo av": los ntawm nitriding thiab carburizing, qhov tawv tawv ntawm titanium alloys tuaj yeem nce mus rau HV1100, nce qib ntawm cemented carbide; thaum titanium{10}}raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, los ntawm kev qhia cov theem ntxiv xws li carbon nanotubes thiab graphene, tab tom rhuav tshem lub zog txwv ntawm cov tsoos titanium alloys.
Los ntawm cov pob zeb diamond tsim nyob rau hauv kev kub siab tob hauv lub ntiaj teb mus rau titanium alloys tempered nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig, ob cov ntaub ntawv no txhais lub ntsiab lus ntawm "qhov kawg ua tau zoo" nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv. Pob zeb diamond txhais cov kev txwv ntawm precision machining nrog kiag li hardness, thaum titanium nthuav cov ciam teb ntawm cov khoom siv nrog nws lub teeb yuag thiab siab zog. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, pob zeb diamond yuav txuas ntxiv ci rau hauv kev txiav- ntug teb xws li semiconductors thiab quantum thev naus laus zis, thaum titanium yuav tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj kev tshawb nrhiav hauv thaj chaw huab cua xws li aerospace thiab tob - hiav txwv tshawb. Qhov ob tsis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm "kev ua tau zoo tshaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg," tab sis qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb rau cov kev xav tau sib txawv -ib yam li kev sib xyaw ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab lub nplhaib titanium alloy, ua cim ob qho tib si toughness thiab lightness, sib sau ua ke ntawm tib neeg txoj kev nrhiav kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
