Thaum twg titanium nrhiav tau thiab siv?
Titanium yog cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj cov cim tshuaj Ti thiab atomic naj npawb 22. Nws yog ib lub teeb yuag, muaj zog, thiab corrosion-resistant hlau uas ua rau nws siv dav hauv ntau lub teb. Yog li, thaum twg titanium nrhiav tau thiab siv?
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm titanium hnub rov qab mus rau 1791, thaum British chemist William Gregor nrhiav tau ib lub pob zeb dub uas muaj cov hlau tsis paub oxide. Gregor hu ua cov oxide no "titanite" thiab ua kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau nws.
Los ntawm 1825, tus kws kho mob Berzilius siv cov hlau hlau los txo cov poov tshuaj fluotitanate (K2TiF6) kom tau txais qee qhov tsis zoo amorphous titanium, tab sis nws yog insoluble hauv hydrofluoric acid thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshawb fawb. Xyoo 1849, Weller thiab De Vere tau ua raws li kev coj ntawm Berzenius, txhim kho nws qhov kev sim, thiab tshawb nrhiav nws dua nyob rau hauv lub kaw crucible. Cov khoom tau txais tseem yog titanium nitride.
Kev siv dav dav ntawm titanium pib thaum xyoo 1940. Xyoo 1940, tus kws tshawb fawb Luxembourg "WJ Claure" tau tsim cov txheej txheem magnesia thermal txo kom tsim cov titanium daim txhuam cev. Hauv 80 xyoo dhau los, Claure cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog: titanium ore - hluav taws xob rauv smelting los tsim cov titanium slag siab - chlorination los tsim titanium tetrachloride --Txoj kev ntawm magnesium txo + distillation los tsim titanium daim txhuam cev yog siv dav.
Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm aerospace kev lag luam thiab tub rog technology, qhov kev thov rau lub teeb yuag thiab high-zog hlau tau nce. Titanium yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws vim nws cov khoom zoo heev. Nws muaj tsawg ntom ntom thiab lub zog siab, nrog kev sib nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm tsuas yog 4.5 g / cubic centimeter, uas yog ib nrab ua steel. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, titanium kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide ntom ntom hauv ib puag ncig oxidizing, tiv thaiv nws qhov chaw los ntawm corrosion.
Titanium muaj ntau yam kev siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv aerospace, tshuaj, kev kho mob thiab automotive teb. Nyob rau hauv aerospace teb, titanium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm aircraft, missiles thiab foob pob ua ntxaij kom txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub davhlau. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, titanium feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov kav dej vim nws cov corrosion kuj ua rau nws zoo haum rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav. Hauv kev kho mob, titanium yog siv los tsim cov pob qij txha, kev cog hniav, thiab cov cuab yeej phais vim nws muaj biocompatibility zoo thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis lees paub. Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, titanium yog siv los ua cov khoom siv cav thiab chassis los txhim kho lub tsheb kev lag luam roj thiab kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm.
Niaj hnub no, titanium tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, thiab nws lub neej yav tom ntej yog tag nrho ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tsis kawg. Nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tsis tu ncua, peb ntseeg tias titanium yuav muaj kev thov dav dua thiab ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob.
