Daim ntawv thov xwm txheej ntawm Titanium Alloys hauv Kev Lag Luam Tsheb
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam tsheb, kev siv roj, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tsim los ntawm lub tsheb tau nyiam ntau ntxiv. Nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej mus rau yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam tsheb, lub teeb yuag, kev siv roj tsawg thiab qis emissions yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev tso cai departments, 60% ntawm lub zog ntawm tsheb roj combustion yog siv los ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav. Txawm hais tias muaj zog nyias steel daim hlau, aluminium, magnesium, hlau-raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yas resin tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv titanium tau ua rau kev tsim tsheb zoo dua.
Titanium hlau muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov ceev ceev, muaj lub zog muaj zog thiab zoo corrosion tsis kam. Kev siv cov khoom siv titanium hauv tsheb tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev lub tsheb, txo cov roj noj, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav, txhim kho ib puag ncig thiab txo cov suab nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi kim ua rau cov titanium alloys tsuas yog muaj qee qhov kev siv hauv cov qauv khoom kim heev thiab cov tsheb ua si hauv kev lag luam tsheb, thiab tsis tshua muaj tsheb zoo tib yam. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqi qis titanium alloys uas ua tau raws li kev lag luam xav tau yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhawb nqa nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov tsheb hauv tsev.
Tam sim no daim ntawv thov txheej xwm ntawm titanium alloys hauv kev lag luam tsheb
Txawm hais tias titanium alloys tau siv dav hauv aerospace, petrochemical thiab shipbuilding industries, lawv daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tsheb tau tsim maj mam. Txij li thaum thawj tag nrho-titanium tsheb tau ntse tsim los ntawm General Motors nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv 1956, titanium tsheb qhov chaw tsis mus txog rau theem ntawm loj ntau lawm mus txog rau thaum 1980s. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, nrog kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov tsheb khoom kim heev, tsheb ua si thiab cov tsheb sib tw, titanium qhov chaw tau tsim sai heev. Nyob rau hauv 1990, tus nqi ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv tsheb thoob ntiaj teb tsuas yog 50 tons, uas mus txog 500 tons nyob rau hauv 1997, 1100 tons nyob rau hauv 2002, thiab 3000 tons nyob rau hauv 2009. Nws cia siab tias tus nqi ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv tsheb thoob ntiaj teb yuav ntau tshaj 5000 tons. nyob rau hauv 2015. Tam sim no, cov nram qab no titanium alloy qhov chaw yog feem ntau siv.
1. Cav txuas pas nrig
Titanium alloy yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib txuas cov khoom siv pas nrig. Lub cav txuas rods ua los ntawm titanium alloy tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cav, txhim kho roj efficiency thiab txo qhov ntim ntim. Piv nrog cov hlau txuas, titanium txuas rods tuaj yeem txo 15% mus rau 20% ntawm qhov hnyav. Daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloy txuas rods yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Ferrari 3.5LV8 thiab Acura NSX cav nyob rau hauv ltalis. Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau titanium alloy txuas pas nrig feem ntau yog Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-3 Al-2.0V thiab Ti-4Al-4Mo-Sn-0.5Si, thiab lwm yam titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv xws li Ti-4Al{{19} }Si-4Mn thiab Ti-7M-4Mo kuj tseem raug tsim los siv rau hauv cov pas nrig sib txuas.
2. Cav li qub
Lub tsheb cav li qub ua los ntawm titanium alloys tsis tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam, tab sis kuj txo cov roj noj thiab txhim kho tsheb kev ntseeg siab. Piv nrog rau steel li qub, titanium li qub tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 30% mus rau 40%, thiab lub cav txwv ceev tuaj yeem nce 20%. Raws li cov ntawv thov tam sim no muaj kev txhawj xeeb, cov khoom siv ntawm lub valve feem ntau yog Ti-6Al-4V, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub valve feem ntau yog Ti-6242S. Feem ntau Sn thiab Al yog ntxiv ua ke kom tau qis brittleness thiab siab zog; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Mo tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kho cua sov ntawm titanium alloys, txhim khu lub zog ntawm quenching thiab aging titanium alloys, thiab nce hardness. Lwm cov titanium alloys nrog kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm yog:
1) Lub valve tuaj yeem ua los ntawm Ti-62S, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li Ti-6Al-4V thiab pheej yig dua.
2) Lub valve tuaj yeem ua los ntawm Ti-6Al-2Sn-4.0Zr-0.4-Mo{{7} }.45 Si. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus qis Mo, nws cov creep kuj zoo dua li Ti-6242S, thiab nws cov oxidation kuj kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600 degree.
3) Lub qhov tso pa tawm tuaj yeem ua los ntawm -TiAl, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis tsis haum rau kev ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem forging ib txwm, thiab tsuas yog tsim nyog rau casting thiab hmoov metallurgy.
3. Valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Lub zog siab thiab qaug zog ua haujlwm yog cov khoom uas lub rooj zaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav tsum muaj. titanium alloy yog lub tshav kub-kho tau alloy uas tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog siab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tshaj yog Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn thiab Ti-15Mo-3Al-2 .7Nb-0.2Si. Mitsubishi Motors siv Ti-22V-4Al titanium alloy valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub rooj zaum ntawm nws cov tsheb loj, uas txo cov huab hwm coj los ntawm 42% piv rau qhov qub steel xauv, txo qhov inertial loj ntawm lub valve mechanism los ntawm 6%, thiab nce lub siab tshaj plaws cav ceev los ntawm 300r / min.
4. Titanium alloy springs
Titanium thiab nws cov alloys muaj qis dua elastic modulus dua li cov ntaub ntawv hlau, tus nqi loj σs / E, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom elastic. Piv nrog steel tsheb springs, nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm tib elastic ua hauj lwm, qhov siab ntawm titanium springs tsuas yog 40% ntawm cov hlau springs, thiab cov loj yog tsuas yog 30% mus rau 40% ntawm cov steel springs, uas yog yooj yim rau siv. lub cev tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm zoo heev ntawm kev qaug zog thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm titanium alloys tuaj yeem ua rau kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov springs. Tam sim no, titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tsheb thauj khoom muaj xws li Ti-4.5Fe6.8Mo-1.5Al thiab Ti-13V11C-3Al.
5. Turbocharger
Turbochargers tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm lub cav. Lub turbine rotor ntawm lub turbocharger yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv high-temperature tso pa roj tshaj 850 degree rau lub sij hawm ntev, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj cua sov zoo. Ib txwm siv lub teeb hlau xws li aluminium alloy tsis tuaj yeem siv vim lawv cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic siv nyob rau hauv turbine rotors vim lawv lub teeb yuag thiab zoo kub-resistant, lawv daim ntawv thov raug txwv vim tus nqi siab thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua cov duab. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, Tetsui et al. tsim TiAl turbine rotor. Tom qab ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev txheeb xyuas, nws tsis tsuas yog muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm lub cav. Qhov kev tsim no tau ua tiav kev lag luam hauv Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution series.
6. Exhaust system thiab muffler
Titanium yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau ntau nyob rau hauv lub pa system ntawm tsheb. Cov pa hluav taws xob ua los ntawm titanium thiab nws cov alloys tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev ntseeg siab, txuas lub neej thiab txhim kho cov tsos, tab sis kuj txo cov huab hwm coj thiab txhim kho roj combustion efficiency. Piv nrog rau cov pa hluav taws xob steel, titanium tso lub tshuab tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav li ntawm 40%. Hauv Golf series ntawm lub tsheb, qhov hnyav ntawm titanium tso tawm tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 7 txog 9 kg. Tam sim no, titanium siv nyob rau hauv lub tso pa tawm yog tsuas yog muaj ntshiab titanium.
Qhov hnyav ntawm titanium muffler tsuas yog 5 mus rau 6 kg, uas yog sib dua li stainless hlau mufflers. Lub 2000 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 siv 11.8 kg titanium muffler thiab tailpipe system los hloov qhov qub 20 kg stainless hlau system, txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 41%. Lub zog ntawm qhov hloov pauv tseem tsis hloov pauv, thiab lub tsheb nrawm dua, hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab siv roj ntau dua. Lub titanium siv nyob rau hauv lub muffler kuj tseem yog kev lag luam ntshiab titanium.
7. Lub cev ncej
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tsheb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom tsim. Titanium yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev ua lub cev ntas. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo toughness. Hauv Nyij Pooj, cov tuam txhab tsheb xaiv cov titanium hlau welded yeeb nkab los ua lub cev thav duab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus thaum tsav tsheb.
8. Lwm yam titanium alloy qhov chaw
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, titanium kuj tseem siv rau hauv lub cav rocker caj npab, ncua kev kawm ntawv, cav piston pins, tsheb fasteners, lug ceev, tsheb qhov rooj protrusion beams, automotive nres brackets, nres caliper pistons, pin bolts, siab daim hlau, hloov khawm thiab automotive clutch discs thiab lwm yam automotive qhov chaw. Lub cim tshiab ntawm kev tsim tsheb tsheb tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau lub cev hnyav, kev siv roj tsawg, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov thiab lub teeb vibration ntawm lub cav kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig hnyav. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lub teeb hlau titanium yuav dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau lub tsheb yav tom ntej.
