Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ntshiab titanium thiab titanium alloy GR5?

Feem ntau siv titanium qib

GR1 (Qib 2) muaj ntshiab titanium

GR2 (Qib 3) muaj ntshiab titanium

GR7 (Qib 11) Ti-0.2Pd

GR10 (Qib 12) Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni

GR5 (AB-1) Ti-6Al-4V

Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium muab faib ua peb qib: GR1, GR2 thiab GR3 raws li nws cov ntsiab lus impurity. Lub interstitial impurity ntsiab ntawm peb hom kev lag luam ntshiab titanium maj mam nce, yog li lawv cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog thiab hardness kuj maj mam nce, tab sis lub plasticity thiab toughness txo raws li.

Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam yog GR2 vim nws qhov nruab nrab corrosion tsis kam thiab cov khoom siv dav dav. GR3 tuaj yeem siv tau thaum hnav hnyav dua thiab yuav tsum muaj zog. GR1 tuaj yeem siv tau thaum xav tau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.

GR1, GR2 thiab GR3 hauv lub teb chaws tus qauv sib haum rau Gr0, Gr1 thiab Gr2 hauv UNS.

GR1 thiab GR2 muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo thiab qhov kub tsis tshua muaj zog thaum cov ntsiab lus hlau ω yog 0.095%, cov ntsiab lus oxygen ω yog 0.{{10} }8%, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen ω yog 0.0009%, thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen ω yog 0.0062%, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis qis qis dua -253 degree .

Qhov txawv ntawm GR1 thiab GR2 yog tias tom kawg muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau thiab cov pa oxygen ntau dua, yog li lub zog ntawm GR2 siab dua GR1.

GR5 sawv cev rau feem ntau qhov kub thiab txias titanium alloys. Nws lub zog yuav nce raws li qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws cov yas yuav tsis hloov ntau. Nws tuav zoo ductility thiab toughness ntawm qis kub ntawm -196-253 degree, tsis txhob txias brittleness ntawm hlau, uas ua rau nws yog ib qho zoo tagnrho cov khoom rau cryogenic ntim, cia thawv thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Muaj ntau hom thiab ntau yam ntawm titanium alloys, ntau tshaj 100 hom. Muaj 40-50 hom muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, thiab tsuas yog ib lub kaum os feem ntau siv. Cov no suav nrog ntau yam kev lag luam ntshiab titanium thiab xaiv titanium alloys sib txawv, xws li Ti-6AL-4V, Ti-5AL-2.5Sn, Ti{{7} }AL-1.5Mn, Ti-3AL-2.5V, Ti-6AL- 2Sn-4Zr-2Mo , Ti-6AL-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, Ti-8AL-1Mo-1V, Ti{{ 24}V-11Cr-3AL, Ti-15V—3Cr-3AL-Sn and Ti-10V-2Fe{{ 33}}AL thiab Ti-0.20Pd, Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ntau lub teb chaws, thawj ob qho tseem ceeb alloys (Ti-6 Al-4V; Ti-5Al-2.5Sn) yog cov feem ntau raug thiab lees paub los ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb.

Titanium alloys feem ntau muaj npe raws li lawv cov qauv, uas yog titanium alloys (xws li nyob ze titanium alloys), titanium alloys thiab (+) titanium alloys. Hauv Suav teb cov qauv, TA, TB, thiab TC yog siv ua ntej los sawv cev rau hom titanium alloy, ua raws li tus lej los sawv cev rau tus lej lej. Piv txwv li, TA sawv cev rau alpha titanium alloy, GR6 titanium alloy yog Ti5Al-2.5Sn alloy; TB sawv cev rau beta titanium. Alloy, TB2 yog Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al alloy; TC sawv cev + alloy, xws li GR5 titanium alloy yog Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Alpha titanium alloys feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus alpha ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub, lawv yog cov alpha theem titanium alloys, xws li kev lag luam ntshiab titanium (GR1, GR2, GR3, GR4) thiab GR6 (Ti-5Al-5Sn). Alpha titanium alloys feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj, petrochemical thiab kev lag luam. Hauv cov kev lag luam no, qhov kev xav tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau. Muaj cov ntshiab titanium (TA0-GR3 plaub hom), GR7 titanium alloy palladium-muaj alloy (GR7 titanium-palladium alloy) thiab cov alloys uas muaj me me ntawm molybdenum thiab npib tsib xee (GR10 titanium-molybdenum-nickel alloy) yog nyiam.

Nyob ze ntawm titanium alloy, me me ntawm stabilizing ntsiab yog ntxiv rau hom titanium alloy. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub, cov qauv annealed muaj me me ntawm theem lossis intermetallic compounds, feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 10%, xws li GR11 (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1 V), uas yog titanium alloy tsim nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas rau kev siv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis cov ntsiab lus aluminium siab tuaj yeem ua rau thermal ntsev kev nyuaj siab corrosion teeb meem; GR15 (Ti-6.5Al-1Mo-1V-2Zr) yog BT20 alloy tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. GR11 titanium alloy yog zoo ib yam alloy rau GR15 titanium alloy. Lub tom kawg txo cov ntsiab lus aluminium thiab nce zirconium, yog li tswj cov cua sov thiab txhim kho kub ntsev nyhuv kev ntxhov siab corrosion. + compound alloy GR13 (Ti-2.5CU) yog IMI230 alloy tsim hauv UK.

+ titanium alloy muaj ntau-stabilizing cov ntsiab lus thiab yog titanium alloy tsim los ntawm thiab theem nyob rau hauv lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub. cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog 10%-50%. + titanium alloy muaj lub zog nruab nrab thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis nws qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam tsis zoo. Nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug molybdenum, hom alloy no tuaj yeem muab faib ua martensitic thiab transitional hom. Ntawm lawv, cov hlau alloy Ti-6Al-4V tau tsim los ntawm Water City Arsenal hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1954. Nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam aerospace. Cov khoom siv hlau no suav txog 55% -65% ntawm titanium alloy ntau lawm thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam khoom siv dav hlau loj. Forgings thiab qhov chaw, Ti-6Al-4V alloy muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws, yog kev tshawb fawb ntau tshaj plaws, tau siv sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Yog li ntawd, cov alloy tau tuav lub zog tseem ceeb txij li thaum nws yug los ib nrab xyoo dhau los. Suav hom yog GR5, lub sij hawm faib ntawm American Titanium hlau tuam txhab yog Ti-6Al-4V, lub tuam txhab American Active hlau yog RMI6Al4V, lub tuam txhab British Titanium yog IMI318, Russia yog BT6, Sumitomo ntawm Nyiv yog ST-Al40, thiab Fabkis yog TA6V. Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog LT31.

Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau titanium alloys yog qhia los ntawm molybdenum sib npaug [Mo1]ep thiab aluminium sib npaug [Al]ep: thiab ze- titanium alloy [Mo1]ep yog 12-13, [Al]ep yog 5-8; + titanium Alloy [Mo1] ep yog 5-12, [Al] ep yog 6-30; titanium alloy (metastable alloy) [Mo1] ep yog 12-25, [Al] ep yog 5-8. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg tsim qauv los faib raws li kev siv zog, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov siv qis, ib txwm siv, nruab nrab siv, siab siv thiab siab tshaj plaws.

⑴Industrial ntshiab titanium

Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium yog tuab hlau titanium nrog cov ntsiab lus titanium tsis tsawg dua 99% thiab muaj me me ntawm hlau, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen thiab lwm yam impurities. Cov impurities uas muaj qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm titanium ntshiab yog oxygen, nitrogen thiab hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog oxygen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrogen thiab titanium yog thim rov qab. Lub ntsiab cuam tshuam ntawm hydrogen ntawm titanium kev ua tau zoo yog "hydrogen embrittlement". Nws feem ntau tau teev tseg tias cov ntsiab lus hydrogen yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.03% -0.05% hydrogen. Txawm hais tias kev lag luam ntshiab titanium muaj qhov kaw-packed hexagonal lattice ( ) nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws axial piv yog me me (c/a=1.587) thiab muaj kev ua tau zoo. Ntshiab titanium muaj zoo formability thiab vuam zog thiab tsis rhiab heev rau kev kho cua sov.

Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium tau suav nrog ISO5832-2-1999 tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb raws li cov khoom siv hlau rau kev cog hniav. Cov ntaub ntawv uas ua tau raws li qhov kev cog lus ntev ntev yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no: kev tiv thaiv corrosion, biocompatibility, superior tensile zog, qaug zog tsis kam thiab Nws muaj zoo toughness, elastic abrasive cov cuab yeej, hnav tsis kam thiab tus nqi txaus siab.

⑵ Corrosion-resistant titanium alloy

Corrosion-resistant titanium alloys yog tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv heev corrosive media, feem ntau muaj zog alloys. Hauv cov teb tsis-aerospace, qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion feem ntau yog siv. Corrosion-resistant titanium alloys txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab titanium hauv kev txo cov xov xwm (xws li hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid thiab formic acid). Tam sim no, paub tab titanium molybdenum, titanium palladium, titanium molybdenum npib tsib xee, titanium nickel, titanium tantalum, thiab lwm yam alloy.

Titanium-molybdenum alloy yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxov tshaj plaws (hauv xyoo 1952). Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev hauv kev txo cov hydrochloric acid. Ti-30Mo alloy yog resistant rau boiling 5% carbonic acid, boiling 5% sulfuric acid, boiling 10% phosphoric acid, boiling nyob rau hauv 10% acetic acid thiab boiling 50% formic acid, qhov ntau tshaj plaws. corrosion tus nqi yog 0.0254-0.0508mm/a. Tus nqi corrosion ntawm ntshiab titanium hauv 10% sulfuric acid tov ntawm 93.3 degree nce mus txog 38.1-50.8mm/a; Ti-30Mo alloy nyob rau hauv Corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv oxidizing media yog tsis zoo. Vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm high-density molybdenum-hafnium alloy, smelting, processing thiab welding yuav coj tej yam huab cua phem. Los ntawm titanium-molybdenum alloys, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys xws li titanium-molybdenum-niobium, titanium-molybdenum-zirconium, thiab titanium-molybdenum-palladium tau muab los.

GR7 titanium-palladium alloy muaj corrosion kuj zoo heev hauv oxidizing media. Nws kuj muaj qee qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion los txo cov xov xwm, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov kev tiv thaiv rau crevice corrosion hauv xov xwm nrog siab chloride ion concentration. GR7 titanium alloy muaj 0.2% palladium. Nyob rau hauv 5% boiling sulfuric acid, GR7 titanium-palladium alloy tuaj yeem txo qhov corrosion ntawm 48.26mm / a (kev lag luam ntshiab titanium) mus rau 0.508mm / a, thiab nce qhov corrosion ntawm li 95 zaug. Cov hlau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, sib sau thiab vuam cov khoom, tab sis muaj cov hlau palladium muaj nuj nqis thiab raug nqi.

Beta titanium alloy. Hom titanium alloy no muaj cov ntsiab lus beta ruaj khov txaus. Ntawm qhov tsim nyog txias tus nqi, chav tsev kub qauv yog tag nrho beta theem. Feem ntau nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov kub-kho tau beta titanium alloy (meta-ruaj khov beta titanium alloy) thiab ruaj khov beta titanium. hlau alloy. Thaum tshav kub kub-kho tau beta titanium alloy muaj cov txheej txheem zoo heev plasticity nyob rau hauv quenching tej yam kev mob, tuaj yeem txias tsim rau hauv daim hlau, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais chav kub tensile zog txog li 1300-1400MPa los ntawm kev laus kev kho mob.

Cov nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm GR10 titanium-molybdenum-nickel alloy yog Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni. Nws yog Ti-12 alloy tshawb fawb thiab tsim los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas hauv nruab nrab-1970s. Nws yog titanium alloy resistant rau crevice corrosion. Lub zog tensile ntawm lub alloy ntawm 300 degree Nws yog ob zaug siab li ntshiab titanium, thiab nws corrosion kuj los txo cov xov xwm yog ho txhim kho. Crevice corrosion tsis tshwm sim hauv chloride ntawm 150-200 degree .

Kev siv kub ntawm titanium-nickel alloy (Ti-2Ni) nyob rau hauv high-temperature desalination khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 200 degree .

Titanium-tantalum alloy (Ti-5Ta) yog nitric acid corrosion-resistant -type titanium alloy tsim los ntawm Russia raws li 4204 alloy hom thiab Nyiv Kobe Steel raws li KS50Ta hom. Cov hlau muaj cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam, thiab tus nqi corrosion nyob rau hauv ntws nitric acid ntawm 100-200 degree yog tsawg dua 0.1mm / a. Nws tau raug siv rau hauv cov khoom siv nitric acid rov qab thiab cov txheej txheem nuclear roj reprocessing.

⑶ Cov txheej txheem titanium alloy

Tsawg-zog titanium alloys cais los ntawm lub zog yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv corrosion-resistant ib puag ncig, thaum lwm yam titanium alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv, hu ua structural titanium alloys. Ordinary zog titanium alloys (txog 500MPa), feem ntau suav nrog kev lag luam ntshiab titanium, Ti-2Al-1.5Mn (TC1), thiab Ti-3Al-2.5V (GR18) ), tau siv dav. Vim nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib txuas, cov hlau yog siv los ua ntau yam aviation phaj qhov chaw thiab cov kav dej hydraulic, nrog rau cov khoom siv tsheb kauj vab. Cov alloy feem ntau ntawm nruab nrab lub zog titanium alloy (kwv yees li 900MPa) yog Ti-6Al{14}}V (GR5), uas yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam aerospace titanium alloy. Plate high-strength titanium alloy muaj chav kub tensile zog ntawm ntau tshaj 1100MPa. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ze-titanium alloy thiab metastable-titanium alloy. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los hloov high-strength structural steel feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv aircraft lug. Nws cov alloys raug yog Ti-13V- 11Cr-3Al, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn thiab Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys, thiab lwm yam.

4. Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant titanium alloy

Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant titanium alloy yog titanium alloy haum rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab dua. Nws muaj lub zog sai sai thiab ruaj khov nyob rau tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm kub. Nws muaj qhov zoo thermal stability, creep resistance thiab plasticity ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab muaj kev qaug zog zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los tsim cov discs, hniav, cua nkag casings thiab aircraft Cheebtsam hauv compressors. Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant titanium alloys tau muaj zog tov + hom thiab ze rau hom titanium alloys. + hom kub-tiv taus titanium alloys uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev hauv qab 500 degree muaj ntau-stabilizing cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov txhuas sib npaug yog siab dua 6. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom tsim nyog beta stabilizing cov ntsiab lus, cov alloy tsis tsuas yog qhia lub zog sai sai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis kuj muaj txaus plasticity. Cov alloys muaj xws li GR5 (Ti-6Al-4V), TC6 (Ti-6Al-2.5Mo-2Cr-0.5 Fe -0.3Si) and TC11 (Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si). -type heat-resistant titanium alloys uas ua haujlwm ntev hauv qab 500 degree muaj ib qho me me ntawm -stabilizing ntsiab. Qhov sib npaug ntawm txhuas yog yuav luag tag nrho saum toj no 7, thiab cov hlau muaj ntau theem nyob rau hauv lub xeev sib npaug, yog li cov hlau no muaj kev nkag siab dua thiab zoo dua qaug zog thiab tawg toughness saum 500 degree. Vim tias qhov ze li ntawm hom alloy muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov alloys yog Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (US Ti-811), Ti6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1 V (Russian BT20), Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (US Ti-6242) thiab Ti-5.5Al { {54}}.5Sn-3Zr-1Nb-0.3Mo-0.3Si (UK IMI-829).

5. Tsawg kub titanium alloy

Tsawg-kub titanium alloys yog thiab + titanium alloys haum rau siv nyob rau hauv qis kub. Hom alloy no nce raws li qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws qhov toughness tsis tshua muaj qis thaum qhov kub thiab txias, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias titanium alloys yog txo cov pa oxygen los ntawm 0.2% (qib zoo tib yam) mus rau 0.12% los ua qhov sib txawv tsis tshua muaj qib titanium alloy (ELI). Yuav siv tau ntawm ultra-low kub (<77K). Typical alloys are Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (ELI). Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (ELI is the US military standard MIL-9047) developed in the United States in the early 1960s. China successfully copied the alloy in the late 1970s and called it GR6 titanium alloy, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (ELI) alloy. Especially suitable for liquid fuel storage containers operating at low temperatures of -255°C. There are many brands and varieties of titanium alloys, more than 100 types. There are 40-50 types available in industry, and only a dozen are most commonly used. These include various industrial pure titanium and selected titanium alloys of different tastes, such as Ti-6AL-4V, Ti-5AL-2.5Sn, Ti-2AL-1.5Mn, Ti-3AL-2.5V, Ti-6AL- 2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-6AL-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, Ti-8AL-1Mo-1V, Ti-13V-11Cr-3AL, Ti-15V—3Cr-3AL-Sn and Ti-10V-2Fe-3AL and Ti-0.20Pd, Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni, etc. However, for most countries, the first two important alloys (Ti-6Al-4V; Ti-5Al-2.5Sn) are the most typical and recognized by countries around the world.