Dab tsi yog titanium alloy?
Hauv siab -kev tsim khoom kawg thiab precision engineering, titanium alloys tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb vim lawv qhov ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv khoom siv thiab cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Titanium alloys yog cov khoom siv hlau sib xyaw tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying xws li txhuas, vanadium, molybdenum, thiab chromium rau titanium ua lub hauv paus. Lub synergistic nyhuv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no endows titanium alloys nrog siab zog, corrosion kuj, thiab siab -kub tsis kam, ua rau lawv irreplaceable nyob rau hauv huab ib puag ncig xws li aerospace, kho mob cog, thiab marine engineering.
Lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm titanium alloys revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm lub titanium matrix, nrog txhuas yog siv dav tshaj plaws -stabilizing keeb. Siv cov classic TC4 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al{14}}4V) ua piv txwv, nws cov ntsiab lus txhuas nce mus txog 5.5%-6.8%. Qhov kev faib ua feem no tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim mus ntev, txhim kho cov alloy lub zog ntawm ob chav tsev thiab qhov kub thiab txias thaum optimizing cov khoom siv lub teeb yuag los ntawm kev txo nws cov kev nqus tshwj xeeb. Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias ntxiv txhuas tuaj yeem ua kom cov elastic modulus ntawm titanium alloys los ntawm 15% -20% thaum tswj kev nkag tau zoo heev. Qhov no ua rau TC4 cov khoom siv rau aero-engine compressor hniav, nrog lub zog tensile ntawm 895 MPa nyob rau hauv lub xeev annealed thiab tshaj 1100 MPa tom qab kev daws teeb meem, deb tshaj cov hlau zoo tib yam.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm -stabilizing cov ntsiab lus ntxiv nthuav qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm titanium alloys. Cov ntsiab lus xws li vanadium, molybdenum, thiab niobium txo qis theem kev hloov pauv kub, tso cai rau cov hlau kom tswj tau nws cov - theem qauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li ua tiav cov hardenability ntau dua thiab kev kho cua sov kom muaj zog ntxiv. Noj TA9 titanium alloy ua piv txwv, nws cov ntsiab lus molybdenum yog tswj nyob ib ncig ntawm 2%, ua ke nrog 2% txhuas, ua tiav lub zog tensile ntawm 950 MPa ntawm chav tsev kub thaum tswj qhov ceev ntawm 4.5 g / cm³. Qhov "muaj zog tsis tau hnyav" tus yam ntxwv no ua rau nws zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov chav siab rau qhov tob - hiav txwv probes, muaj peev xwm tiv taus dej siab ntawm 6000 meters yam tsis muaj yas deformation.
Lub synergistic nyhuv ntawm alloying ntsiab yog tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv optimizing kev ua tau zoo ntawm titanium alloys. Piv txwv li, nyob ze -alpha titanium alloys, alpha- stabilizing cov ntsiab lus xws li txhuas, tin, thiab zirconium, nrog rau me me ntawm beta- stabilizing cov ntsiab lus xws li molybdenum thiab vanadium, tsim kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov no ua kom cov khoom siv oxidation tsis kam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 500-600℃thiab txhim kho pob txha toughness los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm beta theem. Lub tswv yim tsim no yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob implants. Lub elastic modulus ntawm titanium alloys yog ze rau ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha, thiab cov qauv honeycomb tsim tom qab oxidation nto tuaj yeem txhawb cov pob txha ntawm tes, ua kom lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov khoom cog thiab tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg ntau dua 30%.
Kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm impurity ntsiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm titanium alloys. Thaum interstitial cov ntsiab lus xws li oxygen thiab nitrogen tuaj yeem ua kom tawv nqaij los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog, cov nyiaj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov yas qis dua. Cov qauv kev lag luam nruj me ntsis hais tias cov ntsiab lus oxygen hauv titanium alloys yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 0.15% thiab 0.2%, thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.04% thiab 0.05%. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hydrogen tseem ceeb dua; nws solubility txo qis sharply nrog txo qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws yooj yim tsim ib hydride embrittlement txheej nyob rau hauv lub alpha theem. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv titanium alloys yuav tsum tau tswj qis dua 0.015%. Nqus annealing thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom siv hydrogen, ua kom cov tawv tawv ntawm titanium alloys nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias.
Los ntawm turbine hniav nyob rau hauv aero- cav mus rau siab chambers nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus - hiav txwv probes, los ntawm cov khoom sib koom ua ke cog rau siab - cov khoom ua si kawg, cov qauv tsim ntawm titanium alloys yeej ib txwm tig los ntawm kev ua tau zoo. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li txhuas, vanadium, thiab molybdenum tsis tsuas yog ua rau "lub teeb yuag thiab siab- lub zog" lub cev ntawm titanium alloys tab sis kuj, los ntawm kev tswj cov theem hloov kub, xyuas kom lawv cov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw huab cua. Nrog rau kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw ntawm titanium alloys tab tom txhim kho kom zoo dua qub thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua qub, qhib kev siv dav dav hauv cov haujlwm xws li lub zog tshiab thiab biomedicine. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab yog txuas ntxiv thawb cov ciam teb ntawm tib neeg engineering thev naus laus zis.
