Txoj Kev mus rau Titanium Vuam
Nyob rau hauv siab -kawg manufacturing thiab precision machining, titanium thiab titanium alloys, nrog lawv cov cim physicochemical zog, tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam xws li aerospace, cov cuab yeej kho mob, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no, hu ua "qhov chaw hlau," ntsib ntau yam kev sib tw thaum vuam - nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pa roj xws li oxygen, nitrogen, thiab hydrogen ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev sib koom tes embrittlement thiab porosity defects. Qhov no ua rau cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm titanium yog qhov tseem ceeb thev naus laus zis txwv tsis pub nws daim ntawv thov.
Qhov nyuaj hauv vuam titanium stems los ntawm nws cov tshuaj reactivity siab. Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias thaum kub tshaj 300 degree, titanium pib nqus hydrogen; siab tshaj 450 degree, nws absorbs oxygen; thiab siab dua 600 degree, nws ua ke nrog nitrogen. Cov pa roj no tsim cov kev daws teeb meem sib txuam lossis cov khoom sib txuas (xws li TiH₂ thiab TiN) hauv titanium lattice, ua rau txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau weld ntau dua 70%, thiab txawm tias pib tawg qeeb. Piv txwv li, ib tug titanium alloy hniav rau aero- cav tau tsim los ntawm - tawg 24 teev tom qab vuam. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau qhia tias cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam dhau tus qauv los ntawm peb zaug, qhia tias hydrogen embrittlement los ntawm hydrogen diffusion. Tsis tas li ntawd, titanium cov thermal conductivity tsuas yog ib qho -quarter ntawm cov hlau, thiab lub sijhawm nyob hauv lub pas dej molten ntev dua ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nqus pa.
Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, kev lag luam tau tsim cov txheej txheem vuam zoo nyob rau ntawm argon arc vuam (argon arc vuam). Rau daim hlau nyias dua li 3 hli, phau ntawv tungsten inert gas (GTAW) vuam tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv vim nws qhov ruaj khov arc thiab cov cua sov siab. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib txuas ntawm lub satellite roj tank qhia tau hais tias siv 16mm txoj kab uas hla nozzle, 20L / min argon ntws tus nqi, thiab tooj liab rov qab phaj rau kev tiv thaiv, ib leeg -sab vuam nrog ob - sab kev ua tiav tau tiav, ua rau muaj nyiaj - dawb weld uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. X-raj. Rau cov phaj tuab dua 3 hli, hlau arc vuam (GMAW) txhim kho kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv hom tshuaj tsuag. Lub zog hluav taws xob nuclear cog titanium raj phaj vuam qhov project tau siv lub zog tswj tam sim no, txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 40% thiab txo qis kev ntxhov siab hauv cov vuam los ntawm 25%.
Gas tiv thaiv technology yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm titanium vuam. Peb -hauv- ib qho kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua thaum vuam: lub vuam teeb lub taub hau tiv thaiv lub pas dej molten, ib daim ntaub thaiv npog npog qhov siab - qhov kub siab tshaj 400℃, thiab tooj liab rov qab phaj yog siv los qhia argon roj los tsim lub kaw lus kaw. Vuam xyaum ntawm titanium alloy siab plhaub ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus- hiav txwv sojntsuam qhia tau hais tias siv ob - txheej airflow drag shield (sab hauv txheej argon ntws tus nqi 15L / min, txheej txheej helium ntws tus nqi 5L / min) tuaj yeem tswj cov vuam oxidation xim ntau yam hauv 2 hli, ntsib cov tub rog- qib. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias argon purity yuav tsum ncav cuag 99.999%, lub lwg taw tes yuav tsum qis dua -60 degree, thiab lub tog raj kheej siab yuav tsum tau hloov thaum nws qis dua 0.5MPa; txwv tsis pub, lub vuam yuav tig xiav los yog greyish-dub vim oxidation.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv vuam thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug. Thaum welding muaj ntshiab titanium (TA1), ERTi -1 vuam hlau txuam nrog cov khoom siv hauv paus yuav tsum tau siv, thaum ERTi-5 vuam hlau yuav tsum tau siv rau TC4 titanium alloy los them rau qhov poob ntawm alloying ntsiab. Kev ntsuas vuam ntawm lub compressor disc rau aero-engine pom tias thaum vuam tam sim no tshaj 220A nce molten pas dej ua ke, nws kuj ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv roj. Thaum kawg, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 180A tam sim no thiab 18V voltage tau txiav txim siab, ua tiav qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm 1.3, ua tau raws li kev tsim qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis hauv qab 150℃kom tiv thaiv cov nplej coarsening thiab tom qab toughness txo.
Los ntawm satellite roj tso tsheb hlau luam mus rau cov khoom siv sib koom ua ke, los ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus- hiav txwv sojntsuam mus rau siab- cov khoom siv ncaws pob kawg, titanium vuam tshuab yog thawb cov kev txwv ntawm cov khoom siv. Lub tuam txhab khoom siv kho mob, siv laser-arc hybrid vuam tshuab, txo lub voj voog vuam ntawm titanium alloy orthopedic implants los ntawm 60% thaum nce weld qaug zog los ntawm 35%. Lub tuam txhab aerospace tau ua tiav qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm 200mm tuab titanium alloy forgings siv lub tshuab nqus tsev electron beam vuam tshuab, ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke ntawm 98% ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus. Cov kev tawg no tsis yog tsuas yog siv tau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm titanium vuam thev naus laus zis tab sis tseem txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb mus rau kev ua tau zoo dua thiab xav tau kev siv ib puag ncig.
Txoj kev ntawm titanium vuam yog keeb kwm ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab. Los ntawm thawj phau ntawv argon arc vuam mus rau niaj hnub laser hybrid vuam, thiab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv passive mus rau kev tswj kom nquag plias, kev lag luam tau ua tiav qhov "embrittlement code" ntawm titanium vuam los ntawm kev tsim cov roj tiv thaiv matrix, optimizing vuam cov khoom siv tshuab, thiab precisely tswj cov txheej txheem tsis. Nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab xws li 3D luam tawm titanium alloy cov yam ntxwv thiab titanium-cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, vuam tshuab yuav txuas ntxiv ua tus choj txuas kev tsim kho tshiab thiab daim ntawv thov, pab cov ntaub ntawv titanium ci nyob rau hauv siab dua - kawg teb.
