Puas yog titanium yog cov hlau nyuaj tshaj plaws?
Hauv kev sib tham txog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, cov lus hais tias "titanium yog cov hlau nyuaj tshaj plaws" feem ntau hais, tab sis qhov tseeb yog qhov nyuaj dua. Los ntawm aerospace mus rau kev kho mob cog, titanium tau dhau los ua "cov khoom siv hnub qub" hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub vim nws lub zog siab - rau - qhov hnyav piv thiab corrosion kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, hais txog hardness, qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb, nws tsis yog "hardest hlau." Los ntawm kev sib piv cov khoom siv lub cev thiab kev lag luam siv hlau xws li tungsten thiab chromium, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua titanium txoj haujlwm tseeb.
Titanium lub hardness feem ntau yog to taub yuam kev raws li tsuas yog "nyuaj," tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb nthuav tawm cov duab ntau dua. Ntshiab titanium muaj Brinell hardness ntawm kwv yees li 115-215 HB thiab Mohs hardness ntawm 6. Thaum cov nqi no deb tshaj cov hlau zoo tib yam, lawv muaj qis dua cov hlau xws li tungsten thiab chromium. Piv txwv li, tungsten's Brinell hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag tshaj 350 HB, thiab nws cov Mohs hardness yog 7.5-8.0; chromium, nrog rau Mohs hardness ntawm 9.0, yog lub hardest paub cov hlau ntshiab. Qhov sib txawv no tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua thiab cov qauv atomic bonding ntawm cov hlau. Tungsten lub cev-centered cubic qauv endows nws nrog tsis tshua muaj siab tsis kam mus deformation, tswj cov duab stability txawm nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab. Chromium's ze-packed hexagonal qauv ua rau nws ua tau zoo hauv kev kuaj kos, nws qhov chaw nyuaj rau lwm yam khoom kos. Titanium cov qauv siv lead ua nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob, ua kom muaj zog txaus thaum tseem xav txog kev ua haujlwm, tab sis nws yog me ntsis inferior nyob rau hauv hardness.
Titanium's "hardness" yog xav paub ntau ntxiv hauv nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho. Nws qhov ceev tsuas yog 57% ntawm cov hlau, tab sis nws lub zog tensile tuaj yeem ncav cuag 63,000 psi. Qhov "lub teeb thiab muaj zog" tus yam ntxwv no ua rau nws nyiam cov khoom siv rau aero- cav cav, foob pob hluav taws, thiab lwm yam kev siv. Piv txwv li, Airbus A380 lub cav siv ze li ntawm 70 tons ntawm titanium alloy, siv nws lub zog siab - rau - qhov hnyav piv los txo cov roj noj. Hauv kev kho mob, titanium's biocompatibility ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pob qij txha thiab kev cog hniav- nws tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis lees paub hauv lub cev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev ua ub no txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov nyuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb, titanium qhov qeb duas yuav tsum muab txoj hauv kev rau "cov neeg sib tw tshwj xeeb" xws li tungsten thiab chromium. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob saum npoo uas yuav tsum tau khawb kuj, chromium plating muaj ho hardness ntau dua titanium; thiab nyob rau hauv siab -kub ib puag ncig, tungsten{16}}raws li alloys muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua.
Nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm hlau hardness, tungsten thiab chromium tuav ib tug unshakeable dominance. Tungsten, nrog lub melting point siab txog 3422 degree, yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab nws hardness tseem ruaj khov txawm nyob rau hauv high kub. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw huab cua xws li armor- tho qhov projectiles thiab aerospace cav nozzles. foob pob hluav taws cav nozzles yuav tsum tau tiv taus kub ntawm ntau txhiab degrees Celsius thiab siab -ceev airflow, ua lub hardness thiab kub tsis kam ntawm tungsten-raws li alloys ib tug irreplaceable xaiv. Chromium lub hardness yog reflected nyob rau hauv nws khawb kuj. Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm stainless hlau, ntxiv 10% -13% chromium ho nce hardness ntawm hlau, thaum tib lub sij hawm tsim ib tug ntom oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo, combining corrosion kuj thiab zoo nkauj. Chromium lub hardness thiab tshuaj stability yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov xws li chrome-plated automotive trim thiab cov cuab yeej phais. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum chromium's Mohs hardness ncav cuag 9.0, nws tseem qis dua pob zeb diamond thiab corundum, ntxiv rau qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ntsuas "hardness" ua ke nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Titanium tus nqi tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Tsis zoo li tungsten, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev tab sis nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm, lossis chromium, uas tsom rau kev khawb tsis kam tab sis txi qee qhov tawv, titanium qhov zoo yog hloov tsis tau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, biocompatibility, thiab hnav. Piv txwv li, siab -kawg ntaus kis las watches siv titanium alloy rooj plaub, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab hnav kev nplij siab; sib sib zog nqus-sea probes siv titanium alloy plhaub, muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub siab ib puag ncig thaum zam dej hiav txwv corrosion. Cov ntawv thov no tsis tso siab rau titanium cov khoom "nyuaj tshaj", tab sis theej ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb pom, titanium's "hardness" yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws, tsis yog tus cwj pwm tiag. Zoo li "tag nrho-rounder" nyob rau hauv tsev neeg hlau, nws ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub zog, corrosion kuj, thiab biocompatibility, tab sis lags qab "specialized champions" xws li tungsten thiab chromium nyob rau hauv hardness. Cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseeb uas ua rau titanium tshwj xeeb- thaum daim ntawv thov xav tau qhov sib npaug ntawm ntau lub zog, titanium feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua li ib qho siab - hlau hardness. Kev nkag siab qhov no tsis tsuas yog pab peb saib cov ntaub ntawv titanium ntau dua, tab sis kuj tseem muab cov hauv paus kev tshawb fawb rau kev xaiv cov khoom hauv ntau qhov chaw. Titanium tej zaum yuav tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm kev nrhiav qhov kawg hardness, tab sis qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua lub siab nws sawv cev yog txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb mus rau qhov ntev dua.
