Forging processing thiab forging soj ntsuam txoj kev

Forgings yog tsim los ntawm deforming steel ingots los yog forging blanks rau hauv ib feem blanks ntawm ib tug tej yam duab thiab loj nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm ib tug forging rauj los yog tuag. Cov txheej txheem forging muaj xws li cua sov, deformation thiab txias. Forging txoj kev yog dav faib ua forging, kos duab thiab dov. Forging yog thaum forging quab yuam yog siv rau ob qho kawg ntawm qhov khoob, ua rau cov ntu ntu kom deform. Daim duab sib sib zog nqus yog hais txog kev siv lub zog forging rau lub voj voog sab nrauv ntawm qhov khoob kom deform qhov khoob. Portrait. Rolling yuav tsum xub reaming thiab xuas nrig ntaus lub qhov khoob, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxig ib lub mandrel los siv forging siab rau lub voj voog sab nraud. Muaj ob hom dov: longitudinal deformation thiab transverse deformation. Ntawm lawv, kev kos duab ntxhib feem ntau yog siv rau cov ncuav mog qab zib forgings, thiab daim duab ntev yog siv rau cov ncej forgings. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm forgings, kev kho cua sov xws li normalizing, annealing lossis quenching thiab tempering yuav tsum tau ua tom qab forging. Yog li ntawd, muaj ob lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv forging grain forgings: ib tug yog tshwm sim los ntawm tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub ingot; lwm yam yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub ingot nws tus kheej. Lwm qhov yog cov txheej txheem forging thiab shrinkage kab noj hniav, uas yog cov tsis xws luag tsim nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub casting thaum cov kab nrib pleb txias thiab ntsws. Tus nqi txiav lub taub hau tsis txaus thiab tseem nyob. Nws yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm ncej forgings. Nws muaj lub ntim loj dua, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm ntu, thiab muaj qhov loj dua axial txuas ntxiv. Shrinkage kab noj hniav yog pores thiab kab noj hniav tsim thaum lub ingot solidifies thiab shrinks. Tsis raug tshem tawm vim tsis txaus deformation thaum lub sij hawm forging txheej txheem. Raws li lawv cov keeb kwm los yog qhov xwm txheej, kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv tsis yog xim hlau, cov khoom siv tsis yog xim hlau thiab cov khoom siv hlau. Intrinsic non-metallic inclusions yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom ntawm deoxidizers, alloying ntsiab, thiab lwm yam muaj nyob rau hauv steel ingots thiab gases. Me me, lawv feem ntau ntab rau ntawm cov yaj thiab thaum kawg sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub ingot.

Txawv teb chaws non-metallic inclusions yog cov ntaub ntawv refractory los yog impurities tov nyob rau hauv thaum lub sij hawm smelting thiab pouring txheej txheem. Lawv loj dua thiab yog li ntawd feem ntau pom sib xyaw nyob rau hauv qis ntawm lub ingot. Kev poob qis ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj qhov tseeb. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau kev tawg hauv forgings, xws li ntxiv cov alloys thiab loj dua thaum lub sij hawm smelting, cov khoom me me splashed thaum lub sij hawm pouring, los yog cov hlau sib txawv poob rau hauv cov hlau inclusions. Raws li qhov ua rau ntawm kev tsim, hom kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

Cov kab nrib pleb tsim los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau tsis xws luag (xws li cov kab noj hniav shrinkage) thaum lub sij hawm forging txheej txheem. Cov kab nrib pleb tsim thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov vim yog cov txheej txheem forging tsis raug (xws li kub kub kub, kub ceev ceev, tsis sib xws, deformation ntau dhau, txias ceev). Yog tias cov cua sov kub siab thaum lub sij hawm quenching, cov qauv ntawm cov forging yuav ntxhib thiab tawg yuav yooj yim tshwm sim thaum quenching. Cov kab nrib pleb tshwm; Cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua kom txias tsis zoo, tsis raws sijhawm lossis tsis tsim nyog tempering, thiab cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv qhov forging. Qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim los ntawm qhov protruding ib feem ntawm cov hlau molten yog khoov thiab embedded rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm forging yog hu ua folding, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv forgings. Internal puag ncig thiab ntse ces kaum. Cov txheej oxide nyob rau saum npoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau hauv qhov ntawd. Cov kab nrib pleb me me hauv forged hlau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj hydrogen hu ua pob dawb. Cov pob dawb muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom siv hlau. Thaum lub dav hlau qhov chaw dawb yog kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntsug, nws yuav ua rau cov hlau feem dheev tawg. Yog li ntawd, cov pob dawb tsis raug tso cai hauv cov hlau. Cov pob dawb feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov pa roj carbon siab, martensitic steel thiab bainitic steel. Aus cov pob dawb feem ntau tsis tshwm sim hauv cov hlau sternitic thiab cov pa roj carbon ferritic tsawg. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm forging defects muaj feem xyuam rau lawv cov txheej txheem tsim. Cov qauv casting tsis raug yog elongated raws cov hlau txuas ntxiv kev taw qhia thaum lub sij hawm forging txheej txheem, thiab lub resulting fibrous qauv feem ntau hu ua hlau streamlines. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm hlau streamlines feem ntau sawv cev rau lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm hlau txuas ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm forging txheej txheem. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab nrib pleb, feem ntau qhov tsis xws luag hauv forgings, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, yuav ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau ntws. Kev taw qhia kev faib tawm, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm forging defects.

Forgings tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm txoj kev sib cuag lossis txoj kev tso dej. Nrog rau kev tsim kho tshuab computer thiab tib neeg kev nkag siab tob txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej immersion txoj kev, xws li ib qho yooj yim tsis siv neeg nrhiav, tsawg tib neeg yam, thiab siab nrhiav kom tau kev ntseeg siab, cov dej immersion txoj kev yog siv rau cov tseem ceeb forgings uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev daws teeb meem, siab rhiab heev. , thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab nrhiav kom tau. Nce siv rau kev sim. Cov qauv ntawm forging yog qhov zoo heev, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub suab yoj attenuation thiab tawg los kuj tseem me me. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum ntau dua kev tshawb nrhiav ntau zaus (xws li saum toj 10MHz) tuaj yeem siv rau forgings kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev daws teeb meem thiab ua tiav qhov kev tshawb pom me me. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag.
Vim forging deformation, tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv forgings feem ntau muaj ib tug tej yam kev taw qhia. Feem ntau qhov kev faib tawm thiab kev taw qhia ntawm metallurgical defects muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm forging flow kab. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, kev xaiv ntawm qhov xwm txheej saum npoo thiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub suab beam thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas yuav tsum xav txog cov txheej txheem deformation thiab streamline kev taw qhia ntawm forging, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm ultrasonic suab beam yuav tsum yog perpendicular. mus rau forging. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm forging flow kab yuav tsum zoo ib yam li ua tau. Coj tuag forgings ua piv txwv. Lub deformation streamlines ntawm tuag forging yog parallel mus rau sab nrauv. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam, nws yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau hais tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub ultrasonic suab beam yuav tsum tau perpendicular mus rau sab nrauv. Lub scan yuav tsum ua raws li cov duab ntawm sab nrauv. Kev ywg dej feem ntau yog xav tau. Forgings nrog txoj kev lossis lub tsho dej sojntsuam feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Yog li ntawd, lawv qhov chaw thiab cov duab feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua tiav los xyuas kom meej tias cov forgings muaj lub suab nrov ntog kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tshawb pom siab, thaum ua rau lawv zoo li ze li sai tau rau lub sijhawm. Ultrasonic over-forging nrhiav kom tau. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tom qab kev kho cua sov thiab ua ntej ua tiav cov txheej txheem xws li xuas nrig ntaus thiab grooving. Vim complex

cov duab xws li qhov, grooves, cov kauj ruam, thiab lwm yam yuav tsim cov cheeb tsam uas lub suab ultrasonic tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag, nce qhov pom qhov muag tsis pom, thiab tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm cov duab yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag. . Kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov, xws li kev kho cua sov tawg.

Feem ntau siv technologies rau kev kuaj ultrasonic ntawm forgings muaj xws li: longitudinal yoj direct tshwm sim nrhiav kom tau, longitudinal yoj oblique tshwm sim, transverse nthwv dej nrhiav tau, thiab lwm yam. tsim nyog los ua qhov longitudinal thiab transverse yoj soj ntsuam ntawm tib forging tib lub sijhawm. Ntawm lawv, longitudinal nthwv dej ncaj qha qhov teeb meem nrhiav pom yog txoj kev tshawb pom yooj yim tshaj plaws.

Tus txheej txheem tsis pom kev ntau ntawm BSN900 series ultrasonic flaw detector yog 2.5-10000mm (ntev yoj rau hlau). Yog tias muaj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, qhov siab tshaj plaws nrhiav pom qhov tsis haum uas tuaj yeem muab tau yog 2.5-280000mm.